PhD Defence in Informatics Engineering: ”Towards Continuous Certication of Software Systems for Aerospace”

Candidate:
José Eduardo Ferreira Ribeiro

Date, Time and Location:
30th of June 2025, 14:30, Sala de Atos, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto

Title:
”Towards Continuous Certication of Software Systems for Aerospace”

President of the Jury:
Rui Filipe Lima Maranhão de Abreu (PhD), Full Professor, Department of Informatics Engineering, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto.

Members:
Miguel Mira da Silva (PhD), Full Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico da Universidade de Lisboa;

João Miguel Lobo Fernandes (PhD), Full Professor, Departament of Informatics, Escola de Engenharia da Universidade do Minho;

João Carlos Pascoal Faria (PhD), Full Professor, Department of Informatics Engineering, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto;

João Gabriel Monteiro de Carvalho e Silva (PhD), Full Professor, Department of Informatics Engineering, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra (Co-Supervisor).

The thesis was supervised by Ademar Manuel Teixeira de Aguiar (PhD), Associate Professor of the Department of Informatics Engineering, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto.

Abstract:

Since the publication of the Agile Manifesto in 2001, Agile methods have evolved to become the dominant approach in software development across diverse domains. However, their adoption in safety-critical systems development, such as aerospace, remains limited for reasons usually attributed to the stringent regulatory safety requirements imposed by domain-specific standards. This dissertation explores the applicability of Agile methods within the context of safety-critical aerospace software development, specifically under the guidelines of the DO-178C standard, and concludes that, contrary to common belief, Agile methods can be effectively used also in this context. The DO-178C standard, titled Software Considerations in Airborne Systems and Equipment Certification, is the principal certification guideline for aviation software for agencies such as Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA).

A key observation from discussions with professionals across different organizations and industries with strong safety requirements, including space, aerospace, railway, automotive, energy, and defence, is the widespread perception that traditional methods like the Waterfall model are indispensable, if not mandatory, for compliance and successful certification. This perception derives from the rigorous safety-related evidence required for certification. In aerospace software development, the minimal adoption of Agile methods and practices is attributed to the demands of DO-178C, regarded as a restrictive standard. However, contrary to this belief, DO-178C does not mandate any specific development method but instead provides guidelines and objectives to achieve the necessary safety-related evidence. This flexibility opens the possibility for Agile methods to be adapted to meet certification requirements while offering their well-documented advantages of incremental delivery and adaptability to changing requirements.

This research examines whether Agile methods, particularly the Scrum framework, can be effectively integrated into the development of safety-critical aerospace software systems while maintaining full compliance with DO-178C. The study introduces Scrum4DO178C, a novel Agile-friendly process tailored to address the specific challenges of aerospace software development, including its extensive verification and validation (V&V) efforts. Through a comprehensive review of literature, industry practices and data, as well as real-world insights from an industrial case study involving a critical aerospace project (Software Level A – Catastrophic), the research evaluates the feasibility and benefits of this approach. The case study demonstrates that Scrum4DO178C improves project performance, enhances responsiveness to changing requirements and reduces V&V efforts, in comparison with Waterfall, while fully complying with DO-178C.

The findings challenge the prevailing notion that Agile is inherently incompatible with safety-critical domains and suggest that when adapted thoughtfully, Agile methods can complement the rigorous standards requirements like DO-178C. By bridging the gap between Agile methods, practices and safety-critical development, this work advocates for a paradigm shift in developing safety-critical software, promoting a more adaptive, customer-centric approach. Specifically, this research highlights Agile’s capacity to accelerate knowledge acquisition through shorter delivery cycles and feedback loops, improve traceability, and manage late-stage requirement changes more efficiently, also in the aerospace domain.
Building on this foundational work, ongoing efforts are underway to enhance the Scrum4DO178C process through automation, enabling the automatic generation and reuse of outputs required for DO-178C compliance. Additionally, future research will extend these concepts to other aerospace standards and safety-critical domains, ensuring their applicability and compliance across diverse regulatory frameworks. Supported by collaborative initiatives with universities (e.g Master’s thesis projects at the Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto (FEUP) and the Informatics Engineering Departament of the University of Coimbra (UC)) and industry partners, this research aims to reshape industry perceptions of Agile’s role in safety-critical systems, fostering innovation and adaptability in these complex environments.

Keywords: Agile; Aerospace; DO-178C; FAA; Safety-critical; Software development.

PhD Defence in Informatics Engineering: ”An Optimization Strategy for Resource Allocation in Cyber Physical Production Systems”

Candidate:

Eliseu Moura Pereira

Date, Time and Location:

17th of June 2025, 10:00, Sala de Atos, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto

President of the Jury:

Carlos Miguel Ferraz Baquero-Moreno, Full Professor, Department of Informatics Engineering, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto.

Members:

Pedro Nicolau Faria da Fonseca (PhD), Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics, Telecommunications and Computer Science, Universidade de Aveiro;

Paulo Jorge Pinto Leitão (PhD), Principal Coordinating Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança;

André Monteiro de Oliveira Restivo (PhD), Associate Professor, Department of Informatics Engineering, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto;

Gil Manuel Magalhães de Andrade Gonçalves (PhD), Associate Professor with Habilitation, Department of Informatics Engineering, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (Supervisor).

The thesis was co-supervised by João Pedro Correia dos Reis (PhD), Assistant Researcher, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto.

Abstract:

Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPSs) integrate computation, communication, and control technologies, delivering the flexibility needed for dynamic shop floor reconfiguration and efficient manufacturing. A factory with higher shop floor flexibility has the advantage of higher product customization or changeover, when compared to traditional industries. They manifest this advantage mainly when the industry introduces a new product or because the shop floor produces highly variable products needing constant reconfiguration. Several manufacturers adopt such production philosophy, like in the automotive industry, where a high variability of car models and specifications requires different setups/configurations of the shop floor to manufacture them. In sequential production lines, like car assembly lines, reconfigurable CPPSs play an essential role because processing one product can affect the entire production performance, requiring a shop floor reconfiguration to optimize their execution. A significant challenge in CPPSs arises when reacting to changing conditions, such as new products or requirements, reconfiguration is needed. Current systems rely on manual intervention, leading to significant delays, especially in large industries where reprogramming hundreds of machines can take days or weeks. This thesis addresses this issue by proposing a platform that automatically optimizes software assignment to resources, speeding up development, deployment, and reconfiguration, enabling CPPSs to adapt to external disturbances quickly.

With the purpose of accelerating the development, reconfiguration, and execution of software in CPPSs, this thesis aims to optimize Function Blocks (FBs) assignment to the devices existent in an IEC 61499-based Cyber-Physical System (CPS), reducing the total execution time (reconfiguration time plus FB pipeline execution time). With this main goal, the thesis resulted in the development of 3 tools: 1) the Dynamic Intelligent Architecture for Software and Modular Reconfiguration (DINASORE), that enables the development, execution and manual reconfiguration of IEC 61499-based CPSs, 2) the Task Resources Estimator and Allocation Optimizer (TREAO),  that simulates and optimizes the tasks/FBs assignment to the CPS machines, recommending suitable software layouts for the CPS characteristics, and 3) the Task Assignment Optimization and Synchronization Engine (T-Sync), which integrates the previous two tools in a solution and optimizes in run-time the FBs assignment to the devices existent in an IEC 61499-based CPS.

Integrating these tools in T-Sync resulted in a differentiating solution because it 1) allows online FB assignment to optimize the CPS execution continuously and 2) improves the transparency and interoperability between FBs across IEC 61499-based devices. With this solution, the performance (total execution time) running FBs in reconfigurable CPSs improved by 30% in a simulated environment and 61% in a CPS. In addition to T-Sync improving total execution time, DINASORE enhances reconfiguration efficiency and flexibility, while TREAO streamlines CPS development by optimizing task and FB assignments to available resources. Besides the mentioned ones, during this thesis, other algorithms were implemented and tested for task assignment optimization, and other tools were developed to increase the interoperability and portability in CPSs. The future work envisions the automatic generation of FB pipelines from structured requirements, with formal specifications like UML diagrams, consequently integrating TREAO, manufacturing process simulators, and T-Sync to iteratively validate, optimize, simulate factory layouts, and deploy CPS software with enhanced flexibility and adaptability.

Keywords: Cyber-Physical Production Systems; IEC 61499; Machine Learning; Task Assignment.

PhD Defence in Informatics Engineering: ”Intelligent Ticket Management Assistant for Helpdesk Operations”

Candidate:

Leonardo da Silva Ferreira

Date, Time and Location:

13th of June 2025, 9:30, Sala de Atos, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto

President of the Jury:

Pedro Nuno Ferreira da Rosa da Cruz Diniz, PhD, Full Professor, Department of Informatics Engineering, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto

Members:

Pedro Manuel Henriques da Cunha Abreu, PhD, Associate Professor with habilitation, Department of Informatics Engineering, Faculdade de Ciência e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra;

Paulo Jorge Freitas de Oliveira Novais, PhD, Full Professor, Department of Computer Science, Escola de Engenharia da Universidade do Minho;

Carlos Manuel Milheiro de Oliveira Pinto Soares, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Informatics Engineering, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto;

Ana Paula Cunha da Rocha, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Informatics Engineering, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto;

Daniel Augusto Gama de Castro Silva, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Informatics Engineering, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (Supervisor).

The thesis was co-supervised by Professor Mikel Uriarte Itzazelaia, Associate Professor at the Escuela de Ingeniería de Bilbao, Universidad del País Vasco.

Abstract:

With the dynamic evolution of the internet, particularly in domains such as multimedia services, cloud computing, internet of things, virtualization, and artificial intelligence, companies have witnessed significant expansion in their market and services. However, this growth has also exposed numerous vulnerabilities that threaten the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of organizational and personal data. As information technology analysts work to address security system alerts, artificial intelligence has introduced new avenues for breaching security, ranging from simple, low-cost methods to highly sophisticated attacks. Low-cost approaches include phishing and password spraying, which exploit human error and weak password practices. In contrast, more complex threats include advanced persistent attacks and zero-day exploits, which require significant expertise and resources, often disrupting critical systems. Many organizations rely on cybersecurity helpdesk centers, internal or outsourced, to manage incidents. However, these centers often struggle to respond effectively due to data overload and a lack of qualified operators.

This dissertation addresses the shortage of skilled operators and the high volume of incidents in helpdesk operations by developing a ticket management assistant to support human operators in resolving incidents. The framework integrates a context-aware recommender system that identifies the fastest analyst-procedure pair for each incident and continually improves with each treatment followed. To ensure data privacy, this recommender system is trained using artificial data generated by a custom synthetic data generator. Furthermore, this thesis explores the possibility of enhancing this assistant with automated machine learning functionalities to predict incoming tickets. This feature could help managers anticipate workloads and proactively adjust the composition of the security teams.

The development of this framework is supported by the collaboration with a cybersecurity company, S21sec, which provides anonymized historical incident treatment data structures and taxonomies. However, synthetic data generation techniques are essential due to the absence of granular information on incident resolution and related parameters in the shared data set, which also requires privacy. The implemented generator builds artificial datasets that can mimic distributions similar to those observed in the real dataset while emulating real-world behaviours, including ticket prioritization, scheduling, and treatment.

The artificial data generator is evaluated for its efficiency in replicating real-world datasets using similarity measures such as Hellinger distance and Kullback-Leibler divergence. Furthermore, several ticket scheduling scenarios are explored, varying operators’ numbers and distribution across three work shifts. The results demonstrate that this framework can replicate ticket distributions and treatment durations observed in real datasets. Additionally, it allows for the simulation of real-world helpdesk operations, providing a solid foundation for exploring diverse operational contexts without compromising privacy. The analysis of the ticket scheduling consistently shows that scenarios characterized by a high shift imbalance and fewer operators lead to longer wait times and more tickets scheduled for later treatment.

The recommender system is assessed from two perspectives: scalability and impact on ticket treatment. The first phase uses various test datasets with different sizes and numbers of operators, analyzed with metrics such as the average recommendation time and memory usage. In contrast, the impact on ticket treatment is examined by considering improvements in ticket waiting times before being allocated to an operator and the response time required for their resolution, using different recommendation acceptance degrees. The results indicate that the number of operators the recommender system utilizes has a slightly larger impact on its scalability than the number of test tickets. Both features show a similar linear growth pattern regarding the referred metrics, but the number of operators has a larger slope. Integrating this recommender system into the ticket treatment reduced the average response time by 37.9\% to 45.1\% and the average wait time by 62.2\% to 63.2\%, assuming operators always accept the recommendations. With varying recommendation acceptance rates, the average wait time remains constant, while the response time improvement ranges from 0.4\% to 11.7\%.

The potential application of automated machine learning for predictive analysis is explored through a case study, comparing the system’s recommended team dimensionality decisions with expected outcomes. The case study evaluates the system based on prediction accuracy and its ability to suggest team size adjustments. Among the tested dataset distributions, models trained in three years of data outperformed those trained on four years, showing a better mean average error using real data on ticket frequency throughout the year. Regarding team dimensionality recommendations, including hiring or dismissing operators, the tool-based on automated machine learning frequently proposed decisions closely aligned with those that could have been proposed in the same period.

Collectively, these results show that the proposed framework can optimize ticket treatment workflows in real-world applications, leading to more efficient use of resources and reduced operational delays. Furthermore, its ability to simulate real-world operations without compromising privacy allows security operations centers to test several scenarios and refine their strategies.

Keywords: Helpdesk; Ticket; Cybersecurity; Synthetic Data; Recommendation Systems.

PhD Defence in Informatics Engineering: “Inmplode: A Framework to Interpret Multiple Related Rule-Based Models”

Candidate:

Pedro Rodrigo Caetano Strecht Ribeiro

Date, Time and Location:

13th of June 2025, 15:00, Sala de Atos, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto 

President of the Jury:

Rui Filipe Lima Maranhão de Abreu, PhD, Full Professor, Department of Informatics Engineering, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto 

Members:

Johannes Fürnkranz, PhD, Full Professor, Department of Computer Science of the Institute for Application-Oriented Knowledge Processing at the Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria;

José María Alonso Moral, PhD, Full Professor, Department of Electronics and Computing, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Spain;

José Luís Cabral de Moura Borges, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto;

João Pedro Carvalho Leal Mendes Moreira, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Informatics Engineering, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto (Supervisor).

The thesis was co-supervised by Carlos Manuel Milheiro de Oliveira Pinto Soares, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Informatics Engineering, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto. 

Abstract:

This thesis investigates the challenges and opportunities presented by the increasing trend of using multiple specialized models, referred to as operational models, to address complex data analysis problems. While such an approach can enhance predictive performance for specific sub-problems, it often leads to fragmented knowledge and difficulties understanding overarching organizational phenomena. This research focuses on synthesizing the knowledge embedded within a collection of decision tree models chosen for their inherent interpretability and suitability for knowledge extraction. For example, a company with chain stores or a university with diverse programs, each using dedicated prediction models (sales or dropout, respectively). While these localized models are important, a global perspective is valuable organization-wide. However, managing many operational models, especially for cross-program/store analysis, can be overwhelming.

A methodology framed within a comprehensive framework is introduced to merge sets of operational models into consensus models. These consensus models are directed towards higher level decision-makers, enhancing the interpretability of knowledge generated by the operational models. The framework, named Inmplode, addresses common challenges in model merging and presents a highly customizable process. This process features a generic workflow and adaptable components, detailing alternative approaches for each subproblem encountered in the merging process.

The framework was applied to four public datasets from diverse business areas and a case study in education using data from the University of Porto. Different model merging approaches were explored in each case, illustrating various process instantiations. The model merging process revealed that the resulting consensus models are frequently incomplete, meaning they cannot cover the entire decision space, which can undermine their intended purpose. To address the issue of incompleteness, two novel methodologies are explored: one relies on the generation of synthetic datasets followed by decision tree training. At the same time, the other uses a specialized algorithm designed to construct a decision tree directly from aggregated (i.e., symbolic) data.

The effectiveness of these methodologies in generating complete consensus models from incomplete rule sets is evaluated across the five datasets. Empirical results demonstrate the feasibility of overcoming the incompleteness issue, contributing to knowledge synthesis and decision tree modeling. However, tradeoffs were identified between completeness and interpretability, predictive performance, and the fidelity of consensus models.

Overall, this research addresses a critical gap in the literature by providing a comprehensive framework for synthesizing knowledge from multiple decision tree models, focusing on overcoming the challenge of incompleteness. The conclusions have implications for organizations seeking to use specialized models while maintaining a holistic understanding of the analyzed phenomenon.

Keywords: interpretability; rule-based models; model merging framework; decision trees; completeness.

DEI Talks | “How to hack the Turing trap with Trustworthy AI?” by José María Alonso Moral (CiTIUS-USC)

Tha talk “How to hack the Turing trap with Trustworthy AI?” will be presented June the 12th, at 18:00, in room B008, moderated by João Mendes Moreira (DEI).

Abstract:

In this talk, in addition to technical aspects (i.e., fundamentals and tools for developing and validating human-centric self-explaining technologies that are aimed at assisting in all phases of the design, analysis and evaluation of trustworthy intelligent systems), we will discuss Ethical, Legal, Socio-Economic and Cultural (ELSEC) implications of Artificial Intelligence. Special emphasis will be placed on how to certify if intelligent systems comply with European values.

About the Speaker:

José María Alonso Moral holds a M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Telecommunication Engineering, both from the Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Spain, in 2003 and 2007, respectively. He is currently Associate Professor at the Department of Electronics and Computation of the CiTIUS-USC, Vice-Chair of the Task Force on “Explainable Fuzzy Systems” in the Fuzzy Systems Technical Committee of the IEEE Computational Intelligence Society (IEEE-CIS), Associate Editor of the IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine (ISSN: 1556-603X) and the International Journal of Approximate Reasoning (ISSN:0888-613X), member of the IEEE-CIS Task Force on Fuzzy Systems Software, member of the IEEECIS SHIELD Technical Committee which is aimed at researching on Ethical, Legal, Social, Environmental and Human Dimensions of AI. He has published more than 190 papers in international journals, book chapters and conferences. His research interests include explainable and trustworthy artificial intelligence, computational intelligence, interpretable fuzzy systems, natural language generation, and the development of free software tools, etc.

The talk has free entrance, no need to register.

The last Lecture of Prof. A. Augusto de Sousa

Last Monday, 26th of May, the Auditorium José Carlos Marques dos Santos was filled to capacity for the final lecture by Prof. A. Augusto de Sousa, who was bidding farewell to a university career spanning more than 40 years.

Entitled ‘Computer Graphics and Multiple Realities: Explaining a Career‘, the lecture was attended by hundreds of students (both current and former), fellow teachers and staff, family and friends, who were present at this moment of emotional homage.

“Computer graphics allow us to represent and interact with virtual objects, as well as synthesise images of them. The tools, models and algorithms are countless and enable us to develop various realities, whether they are virtual, augmented or mixed. With some imagination, perhaps they can also model the reality of a university professor’s career.” – and so it was in this case. A university career that began in 1983 as an assistant trainee and went on to cover many different paths, always driven by a passion for Teaching and Pedagogy.

The session ended with a celebration featuring performances by TUNAFE, TEUP and Grupo de Fados da FEUP.

The final lecture was broadcasted live and is available to watch here.

Linking Great Partners 2025

On the 3rd of June, the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto will host Linking Great Partners 2025, an emblematic event of the Department of Informatics Engineering (DEI), recognised for the impact of the contribution of students and the university to the regional innovation ecosystem.

It will take place throughout the day in the Auditorium José Carlos Marques dos Santos, in two parts: the LGP Challenge (pitch session, divided into four acts) and Tech in Action (product fair, divided into two parts).

LGP Challenge, the first act – innovating with AI – includes LGP startups that have developed AI-based solutions. The second act – innovating with the market – consists of a panel with startups that explored ideas proposed by students and developed these products by interacting with the market. In the third act – innovating with organisations – startups that have developed solutions to improve organisational processes will be presented. The last act – innovating with society – includes startups that have developed solutions in collaboration with actors from society.

There are 29 proto-startups created by around 320 students enrolled in the Project Management Laboratory (LGP) course, from various courses at the Faculty of Engineering (FEUP) and the Faculty of Economics (FEP) to respond to the real challenges presented by the 23 partner organisations and opportunities identified in the market.

Using agile software development and experimentation methods, the student teams developed several innovative technological solutions, such as ‘Saudade à Viola’, a project developed in collaboration with artist Gil Ferreira, where a digital avatar joins him on stage, reacting in real time to his voice and adding visual elements to the story of each song; and the ‘HackTrack’ platform platform for learning about cybersecurity through real-world challenges, in collaboration with the Visionarium Association. This 2025 edition also saw the design of the products ‘Immersia Stations’, a solution for interactive and immersive experiences in museums, and ‘Há Cartas?’ (Are there cards?), a mobile application that allows you to turn any moment into an opportunity to play cards, even if everyone has forgotten to bring them. These are just a few examples of the products that will be presented during the event.

Luis Filipe Teixeira, coordinator of the course unit and Associate Professor at DEI, highlights that this approach ‘gives students an opportunity to acquire not only technical skills, but also collaboration, resilience and creativity, as they navigate the uncertainty and complexity of developing technological products for customers and the market.’
He adds that ‘LGP promotes an environment where experimentation is encouraged and where students take on entrepreneurial roles, engage with real stakeholders and learn by doing.’

For Raul Vidal, Emeritus Professor at the Faculty of Engineering, “by involving students from various curricular spheres and different profiles in collaborative work that encourages critical and creative thinking, LGP is a unique opportunity to develop skills in project management, teamwork, customer interaction, marketing, communication, and many other areas that make our students future professionals with a truly distinctive profile and prepare them to be future leaders.”

Linking Great Partners 2025 will be broadcasting live on the event’s YouTube channel.

PhD Defense in Digital Media “Interaction methods for digital musical instruments: Application in personal devices”

Candidate:
Alexandre Resende Clément

Date, Time and Location:
5th of June 2025, 14:30, Sala de Atos, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto

President of the Jury:
António Fernando Vasconcelos Cunha Castro Coelho, PhD, Associate Professor with Habilitation, Department of Informatics Engineering, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto

Members:
Marcelo Mortensen Wanderley, PhD, Full Professor, Department of Music Research, Schulich School of Music, McGill University, Canadá;
Damián Keller, PhD, Associate Professor, Centro de Educação, Letras e Artes da Universidade Federal do Acre, Brasil;
Sofia Carmen Faria Maia Cavaco, PhD, Assistant Professor, Informatics Department, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa;
Rui Pedro Amaral Rodrigues, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Informatics Engineering, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto;
Gilberto Bernardes de Almeida, PhD, Department of Informatics Engineering, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto (Supervisor).

Abstract:

“This thesis explores the potential of mobile handheld devices as tools for digital musical instrument interaction and participatory performance. Guided by the principles of ubiquitous music and intuitive interaction, the research investigates how mobile handheld devices can address challenges and unlock opportunities in contemporary music-making through participatory frameworks, gesture mappings, and multimodal feedback. Three experiments form the foundation of this study. The first describes and evaluates a system that enables large-scale audience participation in multimedia performances. It highlights the ability of mobile handheld devices to engage users and foster collaboration but reveals challenges in designing intuitive interactions for untrained participants. The second experiment examines how users instinctively map gestures to core musical parameters, such as pitch, duration, and amplitude, identifying natural trends – and the influence of musical training and experience on interaction strategies. The third focuses on evaluating the impact of multimodal feedback, combining auditory, visual, and haptic modalities, in note pitch tuning tasks.
The findings underscore the importance of designing standardised interaction guidelines and integrating multimodal feedback to make digital musical instruments more accessible and intuitive. Experiment 1 showed that the lack of a unified interaction model limited intuitive engagement, highlighting the need for standards that balance individual creativity with group intent. Experiment 2 found clear user preferences for gesture mappings of onset, pitch, and duration, shaped by cultural familiarity, and supporting context-aware design. Experiment 3 showed that while multimodal feedback had little immediate effect on accuracy, it improved user confidence and may aid long-term learning. This research advances the understanding of how mobile handheld devices can support participatory and creative music-making, contributing to the development of inclusive, user-friendly, and versatile musical tools.”

DEI Talks | “Designing New Interfaces for Musical Expression: Opportunities and Challenges” by Marcelo M. Wanderley

The talk “Designing New Interfaces for Musical Expression: Opportunities and Challenges” will be presented on the 4th of June, at 16:00, in room B018, moderated by Gilberto Bernardes de Almeida (DEI).

Abstract:

“Computer music has a compelling history, with initial attempts to perform computer-generated music live dating back several decades. Performing sounds generated by computers presents numerous opportunities and challenges for musical expression. Though virtually any sound can be synthesized and performed arbitrarily without the inherent physical constraints of strings, membranes, and columns of air, this freedom poses unprecedented challenges to instrument designers, composers, musicians, and concertgoers.
In this talk, I will discuss the design and use of several new interfaces developed at the Input Devices and Music Interaction Laboratory at McGill University, ranging from self-contained digital musical instruments and prosthetic interfaces for dance performances to fMRI-compatible electronic instruments used in neuroscience studies. I will highlight the unique context and challenges of each development, showcasing the critical importance of interdisciplinary research in this field. Finally, I will present an overview of the Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Music Media and Technology (www.cirmmt.org), a leading research centre established 25 years ago, focusing on sound and music, based in Montreal, QC, Canada. CIRMMT’s mandate is to eliminate the barriers between disciplines and research domains by supporting researchers and artists from various backgrounds to interact in ways not possible in traditional academic environments.”

About the Speaker:

Marcelo M. Wanderley is Professor of Music Technology at McGill University, Canada, where he directs the Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Music Media and Technology (CIRMMT). His research interests include the design and evaluation of digital musical instruments and the analysis of performer movements. He co-edited the electronic book “Trends in Gestural Control of Music” in 2000, co-authored the textbook “New Digital Musical Instruments: Control and Interaction Beyond the Keyboard” in 2006, and chaired the 2003 International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression (NIME03). He held invited research chairs in several European and American institutions, including Inria Lille, France, the University of Mons, Belgium, and the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil. He is a member of the Computer Music Journal’s Editorial Advisory Board and a senior member of the ACM and the IEEE.

Creativity Talks | “Creativity as a Complex Psychological Dimension” by Manuela Romo

The 16th session of the Creativity Talks will feature distinguished psychologist and professor Manuela Romo as the keynote speaker, presenting on “Creativity as a Complex Psychological Dimension”. The talk will be delivered in Spanish and will be held online May 22nd, at 6:00 PM GMT+1 (Lisbon and London time), and will be moderated by Manuel Firmino (DEI).

Creativity is a way of thinking that results in things that are both novel and valuable” (Romo, 2019).

This operational definition serves as a starting point, but understanding creativity goes beyond the products it generates. We will discuss the cognitive processes involved in this way of thinking, but producing creative outcomes requires more than just cognitive processes—these alone would explain an isolated contribution in a given field. However, a creative person maintains this dimension consistently throughout their productive life, which requires other psychological dimensions related to motivation and personality. The most important theoretical models for explaining creativity reflect this complex nature. These are componential models that integrate cognitive, personal-affective, and sociocultural elements. We will explore these models and provide a description of their components.

The talk will be streamed here.

Manuela Romo holds a Ph.D. in Psychology from the Autonomous University of Madrid, where she has developed her teaching and research career. She has published six books, 16 book chapters, and more than 50 articles. Among her notable contributions to the dissemination and application of creativity studies is her book Psychology of Creativity: Contemporary Perspectives (Ed. Paidós, 2019). She has also developed a test for assessing children’s creativity: TCI – Test de Creatividad Infantil (TEA Ediciones, 2008). She has delivered over 70 lectures on the subject and conducted courses and workshops in Spain, Portugal, Italy, the United Kingdom, the United States, Taiwan, and various Latin American countries. She is a member of the editorial board of several scientific journals, including The International Journal of Creativity and Human Development, Frontiers in Psychology – Cognition, Creatividad y Sociedad: Revista de la Asociación para la Creatividad, Arte, Individuo y Sociedad (Complutense University of Madrid), Recrearte: IACAT (Institute for Advanced Studies in Creativity), and RECRIAI (Ibero-American Journal of Creativity and Innovation) in Brazil.